第 9 課：身份驗證 — 會話、令牌和 JWT

Django：從基礎到高級

第 3 部分：身份驗證和安全性

亞洲開發網

1. 會話認證

from django.contrib.auth import authenticate, login, logout
from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required

def login_view(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        username = request.POST['username']
        password = request.POST['password']
        user = authenticate(request, username=username, password=password)
        if user is not None:
            login(request, user)
            return redirect('dashboard')
        messages.error(request, 'Sai tên đăng nhập hoặc mật khẩu')
    return render(request, 'auth/login.html')

@login_required
def dashboard(request):
    return render(request, 'dashboard.html')

2.DRF令牌認證

# settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = [..., 'rest_framework.authtoken']
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': [
        'rest_framework.authentication.TokenAuthentication',
    ],
}

# views.py
from rest_framework.authtoken.views import ObtainAuthToken
from rest_framework.authtoken.models import Token

class CustomAuthToken(ObtainAuthToken):
    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        serializer = self.serializer_class(data=request.data)
        serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
        user = serializer.validated_data['user']
        token, created = Token.objects.get_or_create(user=user)
        return Response({
            'token': token.key,
            'user_id': user.pk,
            'email': user.email,
        })

3.JWT 與 SimpleJWT

pip install djangorestframework-simplejwt

# settings.py
from datetime import timedelta

REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': [
        'rest_framework_simplejwt.authentication.JWTAuthentication',
    ],
}

SIMPLE_JWT = {
    'ACCESS_TOKEN_LIFETIME': timedelta(minutes=30),
    'REFRESH_TOKEN_LIFETIME': timedelta(days=7),
    'ROTATE_REFRESH_TOKENS': True,
    'BLACKLIST_AFTER_ROTATION': True,
    'SIGNING_KEY': SECRET_KEY,
    'AUTH_HEADER_TYPES': ('Bearer',),
}

# urls.py
from rest_framework_simplejwt.views import (
    TokenObtainPairView, TokenRefreshView, TokenVerifyView,
)

urlpatterns = [
    path('api/token/', TokenObtainPairView.as_view()),
    path('api/token/refresh/', TokenRefreshView.as_view()),
    path('api/token/verify/', TokenVerifyView.as_view()),
]

自訂 JWT 聲明

from rest_framework_simplejwt.serializers import TokenObtainPairSerializer

class CustomTokenObtainPairSerializer(TokenObtainPairSerializer):
    @classmethod
    def get_token(cls, user):
        token = super().get_token(user)
        token['name'] = user.get_full_name()
        token['role'] = user.role
        return token

class CustomTokenObtainPairView(TokenObtainPairView):
    serializer_class = CustomTokenObtainPairSerializer

4. 自訂使用者模型

from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser

class User(AbstractUser):
    email = models.EmailField(unique=True)
    phone = models.CharField(max_length=15, blank=True)
    avatar = models.ImageField(upload_to='avatars/', blank=True)
    role = models.CharField(max_length=20, choices=[
        ('admin', 'Admin'),
        ('staff', 'Staff'),
        ('customer', 'Customer'),
    ], default='customer')

    USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'
    REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['username']

# settings.py
AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'accounts.User'

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