第 7 課：樣式和 UI 元件

React 和 Next.js：從基礎到高級

第 2 部分：React 進階和狀態管理

亞洲開發網

1.順風CSS

npm install -D tailwindcss @tailwindcss/vite

// Component với Tailwind
function Card({ title, children }: { title: string; children: React.ReactNode }) {
  return (
    <div className="rounded-lg border bg-white p-6 shadow-sm dark:bg-gray-800">
      <h2 className="mb-4 text-xl font-semibold text-gray-900 dark:text-white">
        {title}
      </h2>
      <div className="text-gray-600 dark:text-gray-300">
        {children}
      </div>
    </div>
  );
}

// Conditional classes với clsx/cn
import { clsx } from 'clsx';
import { twMerge } from 'tailwind-merge';

function cn(...inputs: ClassValue[]) {
  return twMerge(clsx(inputs));
}

function Button({ variant, size, className, ...props }: ButtonProps) {
  return (
    <button
      className={cn(
        'rounded-md font-medium transition-colors',
        {
          'bg-blue-600 text-white hover:bg-blue-700': variant === 'primary',
          'bg-gray-200 text-gray-800 hover:bg-gray-300': variant === 'secondary',
          'bg-red-600 text-white hover:bg-red-700': variant === 'danger',
        },
        {
          'px-3 py-1.5 text-sm': size === 'sm',
          'px-4 py-2 text-base': size === 'md',
          'px-6 py-3 text-lg': size === 'lg',
        },
        className
      )}
      {...props}
    />
  );
}

2.shadcn/ui

# Initialize
npx shadcn@latest init

# Add components
npx shadcn@latest add button card input dialog

import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';
import { Card, CardContent, CardHeader, CardTitle } from '@/components/ui/card';
import { Input } from '@/components/ui/input';
import {
  Dialog, DialogContent, DialogHeader,
  DialogTitle, DialogTrigger,
} from '@/components/ui/dialog';

function UserCard({ user }: { user: User }) {
  return (
    <Card>
      <CardHeader>
        <CardTitle>{user.name}</CardTitle>
      </CardHeader>
      <CardContent>
        <p>{user.email}</p>
        <Dialog>
          <DialogTrigger asChild>
            <Button variant="outline">Edit</Button>
          </DialogTrigger>
          <DialogContent>
            <DialogHeader>
              <DialogTitle>Edit User</DialogTitle>
            </DialogHeader>
            <Input defaultValue={user.name} />
          </DialogContent>
        </Dialog>
      </CardContent>
    </Card>
  );
}

3.成幀器運動

npm install motion

import { motion, AnimatePresence } from 'motion/react';

// Basic animation
function FadeIn({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) {
  return (
    <motion.div
      initial={{ opacity: 0, y: 20 }}
      animate={{ opacity: 1, y: 0 }}
      exit={{ opacity: 0, y: -20 }}
      transition={{ duration: 0.3 }}
    >
      {children}
    </motion.div>
  );
}

// List animation
function AnimatedList({ items }: { items: Item[] }) {
  return (
    <AnimatePresence>
      {items.map(item => (
        <motion.div
          key={item.id}
          layout
          initial={{ opacity: 0, scale: 0.8 }}
          animate={{ opacity: 1, scale: 1 }}
          exit={{ opacity: 0, scale: 0.8 }}
          transition={{ type: 'spring', stiffness: 300, damping: 30 }}
        >
          {item.name}
        </motion.div>
      ))}
    </AnimatePresence>
  );
}

// Page transition
function PageTransition({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) {
  return (
    <motion.div
      initial={{ opacity: 0, x: 100 }}
      animate={{ opacity: 1, x: 0 }}
      exit={{ opacity: 0, x: -100 }}
      transition={{ type: 'tween', duration: 0.2 }}
    >
      {children}
    </motion.div>
  );
}

4. 深色模式

// useTheme hook
function useTheme() {
  const [theme, setTheme] = useState<'light' | 'dark'>(() => {
    if (typeof window === 'undefined') return 'light';
    return (localStorage.getItem('theme') as 'light' | 'dark')
      || (window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: dark)').matches ? 'dark' : 'light');
  });

  useEffect(() => {
    const root = document.documentElement;
    root.classList.toggle('dark', theme === 'dark');
    localStorage.setItem('theme', theme);
  }, [theme]);

  const toggleTheme = () => setTheme(prev => prev === 'light' ? 'dark' : 'light');

  return { theme, toggleTheme };
}

// Toggle button
function ThemeToggle() {
  const { theme, toggleTheme } = useTheme();
  return (
    <button onClick={toggleTheme}>
      {theme === 'light' ? '🌙' : '☀️'}
    </button>
  );
}

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