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第 21 課:測試微前端 — 組件、視覺與集成

微前端的測試策略。元件測試(React 測試庫)。視覺回歸測驗(Chromatic、Percy)。跨 MFE 整合測試。故事書互動測驗。

🏗️ 建築 — 第 21 課 第 21 課:測試微前端 — 組件、視覺和集成

微服務與微前端系統設計-從基礎到生產

第 7 部分:測試全端微服務和微前端

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簡介

與常規 SPA 測試相比,測試微前端面臨額外的挑戰:每個 MFE 需要測試隔離(獨立)和整合(在 Shell 應用程式中)。本文為這兩種場景建構了測試策略。


1. 微前端的測試級別

┌─────────────────────────────────────┐
│ E2E Tests (Playwright/Cypress)      │  Full app, all MFEs loaded
│ Critical user flows across MFEs     │
├─────────────────────────────────────┤
│ Integration Tests                   │  MFE loaded in Shell
│ Cross-MFE communication, routing    │
├─────────────────────────────────────┤
│ Visual Regression Tests             │  Screenshot comparison
│ Chromatic / Percy / Playwright      │
├─────────────────────────────────────┤
│ Component Tests (RTL)               │  Individual components
│ Each MFE tested in isolation        │
├─────────────────────────────────────┤
│ Unit Tests (Jest/Vitest)            │  Hooks, utils, business logic
│ Pure functions, state management    │
└─────────────────────────────────────┘

2.元件測試(React測試庫)

// ProductCard.test.tsx
import { render, screen, fireEvent } from '@testing-library/react';
import { ProductCard } from './ProductCard';

describe('ProductCard', () => {
  const product = {
    id: '1', name: 'Laptop', price: 999, image: '/laptop.jpg'
  };
  
  it('renders product info', () => {
    render(<ProductCard product={product} />);
    expect(screen.getByText('Laptop')).toBeInTheDocument();
    expect(screen.getByText('$999')).toBeInTheDocument();
  });
  
  it('dispatches add-to-cart event', () => {
    const spy = jest.fn();
    window.addEventListener('cart:item-added', spy);
    
    render(<ProductCard product={product} />);
    fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: /add to cart/i }));
    
    expect(spy).toHaveBeenCalled();
    window.removeEventListener('cart:item-added', spy);
  });
});

3.視覺迴歸測試

3.1 故事書+半音階

// Button.stories.tsx
export const AllVariants = () => (
  <div>
    <Button variant="primary">Primary</Button>
    <Button variant="secondary">Secondary</Button>
    <Button variant="danger">Danger</Button>
    <Button disabled>Disabled</Button>
  </div>
);

彩色工作流程:

1. Push code → CI runs Storybook build
2. Chromatic captures screenshots
3. Compare with baseline
4. Visual diff review → Approve/Reject

3.2 劇作家視覺

test('product list matches snapshot', async ({ page }) => {
  await page.goto('/products');
  await expect(page).toHaveScreenshot('product-list.png', {
    maxDiffPixelRatio: 0.01,
  });
});

4. 整合測試(Shell 中的 MFE)

// Test Product MFE loaded in Shell context
describe('Product MFE Integration', () => {
  it('loads product list in shell', async ({ page }) => {
    await page.goto('/products');
    
    // Verify MFE loaded successfully
    await expect(page.getByTestId('product-list')).toBeVisible();
    
    // Verify routing works
    await page.click('[data-testid="product-card"]');
    await expect(page).toHaveURL(/\/products\/\d+/);
  });
  
  it('add to cart updates cart badge in shell header', async ({ page }) => {
    await page.goto('/products');
    
    // Click add to cart (Product MFE)
    await page.click('[data-testid="add-to-cart"]');
    
    // Verify cart badge updated (Shell Header)
    await expect(page.getByTestId('cart-badge')).toHaveText('1');
  });
});

5. 每個 MFE 的測試策略

測試類型當工具CI階段
單位每次提交開玩笑/維斯特預先合併
組件每次提交左轉預合併
視覺每一次公關半音公關審查
整合每日/每周剧作家合并后
端到端每日劇作家分期

6. 最佳實踐

✅ Test MFE standalone (without Shell) → fast feedback
✅ Test MFE in Shell → integration correctness
✅ Visual regression cho Design System → catch UI drift
✅ Test cross-MFE events → verify contracts
✅ Mock API calls in component tests → deterministic

❌ Don't test implementation details
❌ Don't test remote MFE code from another MFE's test suite
❌ Don't rely on E2E for all coverage → too slow

總結

  • 組件測試:每個 MFE 測試均使用 RTL 獨立進行
  • 視覺回歸:故事書 + Chromatic catch UI 更改
  • 整合測試:Shell 中的 MFE、跨 MFE 通信
  • E2E:僅關鍵流程,在分段上運行
  • 測試 MFE 之間的事件(合約)

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