Install KVM on Ubuntu: Manage VMs via Cockpit Web UI

If you're looking for a powerful, free, and directly integrated virtualization solution Linux kernel, then KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine) is the answer. KVM turns Linux into a Type-1 hypervisor, allowing you to run a lot virtual machines (VMs) with almost native performance.

In this article, I will guide you through the installation KVM from A-Z above 2 physical servers with specific configuration:

Hostname	IP Address	Role
kvm-node01	192.168.1.10	KVM Host #1
kvm-node02	192.168.1.11	KVM Host #2

This configuration is suitable for building a homelab, running a Kubernetes cluster, or a development/testing environment.

Why choose KVM?

Before jumping into the installation, let's understand why KVM is a popular choice:

Compare virtualization solutions:

┌─────────────────┬──────────────┬─────────────┬──────────────┐
│     Tiêu chí    │     KVM      │   VMware    │  VirtualBox  │
├─────────────────┼──────────────┼─────────────┼──────────────┤
│ Chi phí         │ Miễn phí     │ Có phí      │ Miễn phí     │
│ Hiệu năng       │ Xuất sắc     │ Xuất sắc    │ Tốt          │
│ Tích hợp Linux  │ Native       │ Cần driver  │ Cần driver   │
│ Production-ready│ Có           │ Có          │ Không        │
│ Cloud providers │ AWS, GCP...  │ VMware Cloud│ Không        │
│ Nested Virt     │ Tốt          │ Tốt         │ Hạn chế      │
└─────────────────┴──────────────┴─────────────┴──────────────┘

KVM used by major cloud providers such as AWS, Google Cloud, DigitalOcean, and is the foundation for OpenStack, Proxmox VE.

System requirements

Configuring our 2 servers:

Minimum requirements per node:

Hardware supported CPU Virtualization (Intel VT-x or AMD-V)
RAM: 8GB+ (16GB+ recommended)
Storage: 100GB+ SSD
Ubuntu Server 22.04 LTS or 24.04 LTS
Network: 1 NIC (can add NIC for storage network)

Step 1: Check Hardware Virtualization Support

📚 Do the above both nodes: kvm-node01 and kvm-node02

First, you need to confirm that the CPU supports hardware virtualization. This is the most important step - if the CPU doesn't support it, you can't use it KVM.

Check CPU flags:

# Kiểm tra số lượng CPU cores hỗ trợ virtualization
egrep -c '(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo

A result that returns a number greater than 0 means the CPU supports:

vmx - Intel VT-x
svm - AMD-V

Check out more details:

# Xem loại virtualization
lscpu | grep Virtualization
Output mẫu:
Virtualization:                     VT-x      (Intel)
Virtualization:                     AMD-V     (AMD)

Use the kvm-ok tool:

# Cài đặt cpu-checker sudo apt update sudo apt install -y cpu-checker Chạy kiểm tra

sudo kvm-ok

Desired results:

INFO: /dev/kvm exists
KVM acceleration can be used

⚠️ Note: If the result says "KVM acceleration can NOT be used", check BIOS/UEFI and enable the Intel VT-x or AMD-V option.

Step 2: Install KVM and Packages

📚 Do the above both nodes

Proceed with installation KVM and necessary packages:

# Update hệ thống sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y Cài đặt KVM và toàn bộ dependencies

sudo apt install -y qemu-kvm libvirt-daemon-system libvirt-clients bridge-utils virtinst virt-manager libguestfs-tools libosinfo-bin cloud-image-utils

Explanation of each package:

Package	Function
`qemu-kvm`	QEMU emulator with KVM acceleration.acceleration
`libvirt-daemon-system`	Libvirt daemon manages VMs
`libvirt-clients`	CLI tools like virsh
`bridge-utils`	Create and manage network bridges. bridges
`virtinst`	Virt-install tool to create VMs
`virt-manager`	GUI for managing VMs (optional for server. server)
`libguestfs-tools`	Tools for manipulating disk images
`libosinfo-bin`	Database of OS information
`cloud-image-utils`	Tools work with cloud images

Verify installation:

# Kiểm tra KVM modules đã load lsmod | grep kvm Output mẫu (Intel): kvm_intel 368640 0 kvm 1028096 1 kvm_intel Output mẫu (AMD): kvm_amd 139264 0 kvm 1028096 1 kvm_amd

Step 3: Configure Users and Services

📚 Do the above both nodes

To use KVM without needing sudo for every command, add the user to the necessary groups:

# Thêm user hiện tại vào group libvirt và kvm sudo usermod -aG libvirt $USER sudo usermod -aG kvm $USER Verify groups

groups $USER

Enable and start libvirtd service:

# Enable service khởi động cùng hệ thống sudo systemctl enable libvirtd Start service sudo systemctl start libvirtd Kiểm tra status

sudo systemctl status libvirtd

Desired output:

● libvirtd.service - Virtualization daemon
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/libvirtd.service; enabled; ...)
Active: active (running) since ...

💡 Tip: After adding users to groups, you need to logout and login again, or run newgrp libvirt to apply immediately.

Check libvirt connection:

# Test virsh command virsh list --all Nếu thành công, output sẽ là: Id Name State ---------------------- (empty - chưa có VM nào)

Step 4: Configure Network Bridge

This is the most important step for VMs to be able to communicate with the outside network. We will configure the bridge network for both servers with static IPs.

Determine the network interface name (done on both nodes):

# Liệt kê các network interfaces ip link show Tìm interface chính (thường là enp0s3, eth0, eno1, ens18...) Ghi nhớ tên này để dùng ở bước sau

Backup current config:

sudo mkdir -p /etc/netplan/backup
sudo cp /etc/netplan/*.yaml /etc/netplan/backup/

Configuration for kvm-node01 (192.168.1.10)

sudo nano /etc/netplan/01-bridge-config.yaml

# /etc/netplan/01-bridge-config.yaml - kvm-node01 network: version: 2 renderer: networkd ethernets: enp0s3: # ⚠️ Thay bằng tên interface thực tế dhcp4: false dhcp6: false

bridges: br0: interfaces: - enp0s3 # ⚠️ Thay bằng tên interface thực tế addresses: - 192.168.1.10/24 routes: - to: default via: 192.168.1.1 nameservers: addresses: - 8.8.8.8 - 8.8.4.4 mtu: 1500 parameters: stp: true forward-delay: 4

Configuration for kvm-node02 (192.168.1.11)

sudo nano /etc/netplan/01-bridge-config.yaml

# /etc/netplan/01-bridge-config.yaml - kvm-node02 network: version: 2 renderer: networkd ethernets: enp0s3: # ⚠️ Thay bằng tên interface thực tế dhcp4: false dhcp6: false

bridges: br0: interfaces: - enp0s3 # ⚠️ Thay bằng tên interface thực tế addresses: - 192.168.1.11/24 routes: - to: default via: 192.168.1.1 nameservers: addresses: - 8.8.8.8 - 8.8.4.4 mtu: 1500 parameters: stp: true forward-delay: 4

Apply configuration (done on both nodes):

# Kiểm tra syntax sudo netplan try Nếu OK, áp dụng sudo netplan apply Verify bridge đã tạo

ip addr show br0 brctl show

Desired output:

bridge name     bridge id               STP enabled     interfaces
br0             8000.xxxxxxxxxxxx       yes             enp0s3

⚠️ Warning: When configuring a network bridge via SSH, you may lose connection. Use netplan try will automatically rollback after 120 seconds if you do not confirm.

IP planning for VMs

Range	Purpose
192.168.1.10 - 192.168.1.11	KVM Hosts
192.168.1.20 - 192.168.1.49	Infrastructure VMs (DNS, DHCP, etc.)
192.168.1.50 - 192.168.1.99	Kubernetes Cluster
192.168.1.100 - 192.168.1.149	VMs on kvm-node01
192.168.1.150 - 192.168.1.199	VMs on kvm-node02
192.168.1.200 - 192.168.1.250	Reserved / DHCP Pool
192.168.1.1	Gateway

Configure Virtual Network for VMs (NAT Network)

In addition to the bridge network, we will create one more private virtual network for VMs. This network uses NAT so that VMs can access the internet through the host, but are isolated from the physical network.

Create virtual network definition file:

# Tạo file XML cho mạng ảo
sudo tee /tmp/vm-private-network.xml << EOF
<network>
  <name>vm-private</name>
  <forward mode='nat'>
    <nat>
      <port start='1024' end='65535'/>
    </nat>
  </forward>
  <bridge name='virbr1' stp='on' delay='0'/>
  <ip address='10.10.10.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'>
    <dhcp>
      <range start='10.10.10.100' end='10.10.10.200'/>
    </dhcp>
  </ip>
</network>
EOF

Create and activate virtual network (performed on both nodes):

# Define network từ XML
sudo virsh net-define /tmp/vm-private-network.xml
Start network
sudo virsh net-start vm-private
Enable autostart
sudo virsh net-autostart vm-private
Verify
sudo virsh net-list --all

Desired output:

 Name          State    Autostart   Persistent
default       active   yes         yes
vm-private    active   yes         yes

View virtual network details:

# Xem cấu hình sudo virsh net-dumpxml vm-private Xem DHCP leases sudo virsh net-dhcp-leases vm-private Xem bridge interface

ip addr show virbr1

Virtual network planning for both nodes:

Node	Virtual Network	Subnet	DHCP Range
kvm-node01	vm-private	10.10.10.0/24	10.10.10.100-149
kvm-node02	vm-private	10.10.10.0/24	10.10.10.150-200

💡 Note: Both nodes share the same subnet 10.10.10.0/24 but share different DHCP ranges to avoid IP conflicts. VMs on 2 nodes can communicate directly with each other over a virtual network.

Virtual network configuration for kvm-node02 (same subnet, different DHCP range):

# Trên kvm-node02, tạo file XML với DHCP range khác
sudo tee /tmp/vm-private-network.xml << EOF
<network>
  <n>vm-private</n>
  <forward mode='nat'>
    <nat>
      <port start='1024' end='65535'/>
    </nat>
  </forward>
  <bridge name='virbr1' stp='on' delay='0'/>
  <ip address='10.10.10.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'>
    <dhcp>
      <range start='10.10.10.150' end='10.10.10.200'/>
    </dhcp>
  </ip>
</network>
EOF
Define và start
sudo virsh net-define /tmp/vm-private-network.xml
sudo virsh net-start vm-private
sudo virsh net-autostart vm-private

Install Cockpit to manage KVM via Web UI

Cockpit is a web UI that helps with management KVM intuitive and easy. Install above both nodes:

# Cài đặt Cockpit và module KVM sudo apt install -y cockpit cockpit-machines Enable và start Cockpit sudo systemctl enable --now cockpit.socket Kiểm tra status sudo systemctl status cockpit.socket Mở firewall (nếu có)

sudo ufw allow 9090/tcp

Visit Cockpit:

Node	URL
kvm-node01	https://192.168.1.10:9090
kvm-node02	https://192.168.1.11:9090

Cockpit interface for KVM:

Cockpit features for KVM:

Features	Description
Virtual Machines	Create, delete, start, stop VMs intuitively
Console	VNC/Serial console right in the browser
Storage Pools	Manage disk images, upload ISO
Networks	Create/edit virtual networks (NAT, Bridge)
Snapshots	Create and restore snapshots
Resource Monitor	Monitor CPU, RAM, Disk, Network real-time

Configure VXLAN Overlay Network (2-node common virtual network)

So that VMs on 2 nodes can communicate directly with each other over a common virtual network, we use VXLAN (Virtual Extensible LAN). VXLAN creates Layer 2 tunnels across the physical network, allowing VMs on different hosts to act as the same virtual switch.

Step 1: Create VXLAN interface on kvm-node01:

# Tạo VXLAN interface với VNI 100 sudo ip link add vxlan100 type vxlan id 100 \ local 192.168.1.10 \ remote 192.168.1.11 \ dstport 4789 \ dev br0 Bật interface

sudo ip link set vxlan100 up

Step 2: Create VXLAN interface on kvm-node02:

# Tạo VXLAN interface với VNI 100 sudo ip link add vxlan100 type vxlan id 100 local 192.168.1.11 remote 192.168.1.10 dstport 4789 dev br0 Bật interface

sudo ip link set vxlan100 up

Step 3: Create bridge for VXLAN (performed on both nodes):

# Tạo bridge mới cho VXLAN sudo ip link add vxlan-br0 type bridge sudo ip link set vxlan-br0 up Gắn VXLAN interface vào bridge sudo ip link set vxlan100 master vxlan-br0 Verify

bridge link show

Step 4: Configure persistent with Netplan:

Create files /etc/netplan/02-vxlan.yaml above kvm-node01:

network: version: 2 tunnels: vxlan100: mode: vxlan id: 100 local: 192.168.1.10 remote: 192.168.1.11 port: 4789

bridges: vxlan-br0: interfaces: - vxlan100 mtu: 1450 parameters: stp: false forward-delay: 0

Create files /etc/netplan/02-vxlan.yaml above kvm-node02:

network: version: 2 tunnels: vxlan100: mode: vxlan id: 100 local: 192.168.1.11 remote: 192.168.1.10 port: 4789

bridges: vxlan-br0: interfaces: - vxlan100 mtu: 1450 parameters: stp: false forward-delay: 0

Apply configuration:

sudo netplan apply Verify VXLAN

ip -d link show vxlan100 bridge link show

Step 5: Define VXLAN network for libvirt (both nodes):

sudo tee /tmp/vxlan-network.xml << EOF
<network>
<name>vxlan-net</name>
<forward mode="bridge"/>
<bridge name="vxlan-br0"/>
</network>
EOF
Define và start network
sudo virsh net-define /tmp/vxlan-network.xml
sudo virsh net-start vxlan-net
sudo virsh net-autostart vxlan-net
Verify
sudo virsh net-list --all

Step 6: Create VM using VXLAN network:

# Tạo VM với VXLAN network
sudo virt-install 

--name vm-vxlan-01 

--memory 2048 

--vcpus 2 

--disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/vm-vxlan-01.qcow2,size=20 

--os-variant ubuntu22.04 

--network network=vxlan-net 

--graphics vnc 

--cdrom /var/lib/libvirt/images/ubuntu-22.04.3-live-server-amd64.iso 

--noautoconsole

⚠️ Note MTU: VMs using VXLAN need to set MTU = 1450 (due to VXLAN header ~50 bytes). Configuration in VM:

Test VXLAN connection:

# Trên VM1 (kvm-node01) - IP: 10.10.10.101 ping 10.10.10.103 # Ping đến VM3 trên kvm-node02 Kiểm tra VXLAN statistics

ip -s link show vxlan100

Compare virtual network types:

Type	Use Case	VMs communicate cross-node	Isolation
NAT (vm-private)	Simple Dev/Test	❌ No	✅ Yes
Bridge (br0)	Production, LAN access	✅ Via LAN	❌ No
VXLAN Overlay	Multi-node clusters	✅ Direct L2	✅ Yes

Step 5: Configure Storage Pool

📚 Do the above both nodes

Storage pool is where disk images of VMs are stored.

Create storage folder:

# Sử dụng thư mục mặc định sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/libvirt/images Set permissions

sudo chown -R libvirt-qemu:kvm /var/lib/libvirt/images sudo chmod -R 775 /var/lib/libvirt/images

Storage pool definition:

# Tạo pool mới
sudo virsh pool-define-as 

--name default 

--type dir 

--target /var/lib/libvirt/images
Build và start pool
sudo virsh pool-build default
sudo virsh pool-start default
sudo virsh pool-autostart default
Verify
sudo virsh pool-list --all
sudo virsh pool-info default

Desired output:

Name State Autostart

default active yes

Step 6: Configure Hostname and /etc/hosts

In order for two nodes to be able to communicate with each other by hostname, configuration is needed SSH and hostname:

On kvm-node01:

# Set hostname sudo hostnamectl set-hostname kvm-node01 Cập nhật /etc/hosts

sudo nano /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1       localhost
192.168.1.10       kvm-node01
192.168.1.11       kvm-node02

On kvm-node02:

# Set hostname sudo hostnamectl set-hostname kvm-node02 Cập nhật /etc/hosts

sudo nano /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1       localhost
192.168.1.10       kvm-node01
192.168.1.11       kvm-node02

Test connection between 2 nodes:

# Từ kvm-node01 ping -c 3 kvm-node02 Từ kvm-node02

ping -c 3 kvm-node01

Step 7: Create the first Virtual Machine

After installation KVM done, we will create the first VM to use vm-private virtual network.

Method 1: Use Cloud Image (Fast)

Cloud images are disk images with pre-installed OS, just need to configure and boot:

On kvm-node01:

# Download Ubuntu Cloud Image cd /var/lib/libvirt/images sudo wget https://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/jammy/current/jammy-server-cloudimg-amd64.img Tạo disk image cho VM

sudo qemu-img create -f qcow2 -F qcow2 -b jammy-server-cloudimg-amd64.img vm-test-01.qcow2 20G

Create cloud-init configuration:

# Tạo thư mục cho cloud-init sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/libvirt/cloud-init Tạo file meta-data sudo tee /var/lib/libvirt/cloud-init/meta-data << EOF instance-id: vm-test-01 local-hostname: vm-test-01 EOF Tạo file user-data sudo tee /var/lib/libvirt/cloud-init/user-data << EOF #cloud-config hostname: vm-test-01 users: name: ubuntu sudo: ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL groups: users, admin home: /home/ubuntu shell: /bin/bash lock_passwd: false chpasswd: list: | ubuntu:ubuntu123 expire: false package_update: true packages: qemu-guest-agent curl wget vim runcmd: systemctl enable qemu-guest-agent systemctl start qemu-guest-agent EOF Tạo cloud-init ISO

sudo cloud-localds /var/lib/libvirt/images/vm-test-01-cidata.iso /var/lib/libvirt/cloud-init/user-data /var/lib/libvirt/cloud-init/meta-data

Create VM with vm-private virtual network:

sudo virt-install 

--name vm-test-01 

--memory 2048 

--vcpus 2 

--disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/vm-test-01.qcow2,format=qcow2 

--disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/vm-test-01-cidata.iso,device=cdrom 

--os-variant ubuntu22.04 

--network network=vm-private 

--graphics none 

--import 

--noautoconsole

💡 Note: Use --network network=vm-private instead --network bridge=br0 for the VM to connect to the virtual network.

Check VM:

# List VMs virsh list --all Xem IP của VM (VM sẽ nhận IP từ DHCP 10.10.10.x) virsh domifaddr vm-test-01 Hoặc xem từ DHCP leases sudo virsh net-dhcp-leases vm-private Console vào VM virsh console vm-test-01 Login: ubuntu / ubuntu123 Thoát console: Ctrl + ]

Check network in VM:

# Sau khi login vào VM ip addr show Output mẫu: eth0: 10.10.10.101/24 (mạng ảo) Test internet (qua NAT) ping -c 3 google.com Test ping đến host

ping -c 3 10.10.10.1

Create VM with 2 Network Interfaces

If you need the VM to connect to both a virtual network (internal) and a bridge connection (external):

sudo virt-install 

--name vm-dual-nic 

--memory 2048 

--vcpus 2 

--disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/vm-dual-nic.qcow2,size=20,format=qcow2 

--os-variant ubuntu22.04 

--network network=vm-private 

--network bridge=br0 

--graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0 

--cdrom /var/lib/libvirt/images/ubuntu-22.04.3-live-server-amd64.iso 

--boot cdrom,hd 

--noautoconsole

Method 2: Install from ISO

# Download Ubuntu Server ISO (nếu chưa có)
cd /var/lib/libvirt/images
sudo wget https://releases.ubuntu.com/22.04/ubuntu-22.04.3-live-server-amd64.iso
Tạo VM với mạng ảo
sudo virt-install 

--name vm-ubuntu-01 

--memory 2048 

--vcpus 2 

--disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/vm-ubuntu-01.qcow2,size=20,format=qcow2 

--os-variant ubuntu22.04 

--network network=vm-private 

--graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0,port=5901 

--cdrom /var/lib/libvirt/images/ubuntu-22.04.3-live-server-amd64.iso 

--boot cdrom,hd 

--noautoconsole

Connect VNC to install:

# Xem VNC port sudo virsh vncdisplay vm-ubuntu-01 Output: :1 (nghĩa là port 5901) Kết nối từ máy khác bằng VNC client Address: 192.168.1.10:5901

Compare Network types

Network Type	Use Case	VM IP	External access
vm-private (NAT)	Development, Testing	10.10.10.x	Need port forwarding
br0 (Bridge)	Production, Services	192.168.1.x	Directly
Dual NICs	DMZ, Multi-tier apps	Both	Options

Step 8: Manage Virtual Machines with virsh

After creating the above VM KVM, you will manage them with virsh command.

Managing Virtual Networks

# Liệt kê tất cả networks virsh net-list --all Xem thông tin network virsh net-info vm-private Xem DHCP leases (IP đã cấp cho VMs) virsh net-dhcp-leases vm-private Xem cấu hình XML của network virsh net-dumpxml vm-private Start/Stop network virsh net-start vm-private virsh net-destroy vm-private Enable/Disable autostart virsh net-autostart vm-private virsh net-autostart --disable vm-private Xóa network

virsh net-undefine vm-private

Basic commands

Lifecycle management:

# Liệt kê tất cả VMs virsh list --all Start VM virsh start vm-test-01 Shutdown graceful virsh shutdown vm-test-01 Force stop (như rút điện) virsh destroy vm-test-01 Reboot virsh reboot vm-test-01 Suspend/Resume virsh suspend vm-test-01 virsh resume vm-test-01 Autostart khi host boot

virsh autostart vm-test-01 virsh autostart --disable vm-test-01

VM information:

# Thông tin tổng quan virsh dominfo vm-test-01 CPU và memory stats virsh domstats vm-test-01 Network interfaces virsh domiflist vm-test-01 Disk information virsh domblklist vm-test-01 IP address

virsh domifaddr vm-test-01

Snapshots

# Tạo snapshot virsh snapshot-create-as vm-test-01 --name "before-upgrade" --description "Snapshot before system upgrade" Liệt kê snapshots virsh snapshot-list vm-test-01 Revert về snapshot virsh snapshot-revert vm-test-01 before-upgrade Xóa snapshot

virsh snapshot-delete vm-test-01 before-upgrade

Clone VM

# Shutdown VM trước khi clone virsh shutdown vm-test-01 Clone VM

virt-clone --original vm-test-01 --name vm-test-02 --auto-clone

Delete VMs

# Shutdown VM virsh shutdown vm-test-01 Xóa VM definition và storage

virsh undefine vm-test-01 --remove-all-storage

Step 9: Configure Nested Virtualization (Optional)

Nested virtualization allows running VMs inside VMs - useful when you want to test Kubernetes or Docker in VM.

For Intel CPUs:

# Tạo file config echo "options kvm_intel nested=1" | sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/kvm-intel.conf Reload module sudo modprobe -r kvm_intel sudo modprobe kvm_intel Verify cat /sys/module/kvm_intel/parameters/nested Output: Y hoặc 1

For AMD CPUs:

# Tạo file config echo "options kvm_amd nested=1" | sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/kvm-amd.conf Reload module sudo modprobe -r kvm_amd sudo modprobe kvm_amd Verify

cat /sys/module/kvm_amd/parameters/nested

Step 10: Troubleshooting

Common errors

Error: "Cannot access storage file"

# Kiểm tra permissions ls -la /var/lib/libvirt/images/ Fix permissions

sudo chown libvirt-qemu:kvm /var/lib/libvirt/images/.qcow2 sudo chmod 660 /var/lib/libvirt/images/.qcow2

Error: VM does not have an IP address

# Kiểm tra bridge brctl show ip addr show br0 Trong VM, request DHCP

sudo dhclient -v

Error: "Permission denied" when running virsh

# Thêm vào groups sudo usermod -aG libvirt,kvm $USER Logout và login lại

View logs:

# Libvirt logs sudo journalctl -u libvirtd -f QEMU logs cho specific VM

sudo tail -f /var/log/libvirt/qemu/vm-test-01.log

References

If you encounter problems during the installation process, please leave a comment below!

Install KVM on Ubuntu: Manage VMs via Cockpit Web UI

Why choose KVM?

System requirements

Step 1: Check Hardware Virtualization Support

Output mẫu:

Virtualization: VT-x (Intel)

Virtualization: AMD-V (AMD)

Chạy kiểm tra

Step 2: Install KVM and Packages

Cài đặt KVM và toàn bộ dependencies

Output mẫu (Intel):

kvm_intel 368640 0

kvm 1028096 1 kvm_intel

Output mẫu (AMD):

kvm_amd 139264 0

kvm 1028096 1 kvm_amd

Step 3: Configure Users and Services

Verify groups

Start service

Kiểm tra status

Nếu thành công, output sẽ là:

Id Name State

----------------------

(empty - chưa có VM nào)

Step 4: Configure Network Bridge

Tìm interface chính (thường là enp0s3, eth0, eno1, ens18...)

Ghi nhớ tên này để dùng ở bước sau

Configuration for kvm-node01 (192.168.1.10)

Configuration for kvm-node02 (192.168.1.11)

Nếu OK, áp dụng

Verify bridge đã tạo

IP planning for VMs

Configure Virtual Network for VMs (NAT Network)

Start network

Enable autostart

Verify

sudo virsh net-list --all

Xem DHCP leases

Xem bridge interface

Define và start

Install Cockpit to manage KVM via Web UI

Enable và start Cockpit

Kiểm tra status

Mở firewall (nếu có)

Configure VXLAN Overlay Network (2-node common virtual network)

Bật interface

Bật interface

Gắn VXLAN interface vào bridge

Verify

Verify VXLAN

Define và start network

Verify

Kiểm tra VXLAN statistics

Step 5: Configure Storage Pool

Set permissions

Build và start pool

Verify

sudo virsh pool-list --all sudo virsh pool-info default

Step 6: Configure Hostname and /etc/hosts

Cập nhật /etc/hosts

Cập nhật /etc/hosts

Từ kvm-node02

Step 7: Create the first Virtual Machine

Method 1: Use Cloud Image (Fast)

Tạo disk image cho VM

Tạo file meta-data

Tạo file user-data

Tạo cloud-init ISO

Xem IP của VM (VM sẽ nhận IP từ DHCP 10.10.10.x)

Hoặc xem từ DHCP leases

Console vào VM

Login: ubuntu / ubuntu123

Thoát console: Ctrl + ]

Output mẫu:

eth0: 10.10.10.101/24 (mạng ảo)

Test internet (qua NAT)

Test ping đến host

Create VM with 2 Network Interfaces

Method 2: Install from ISO

Tạo VM với mạng ảo

`sudo virsh net-list --all`

`sudo virsh pool-list --all sudo virsh pool-info default`