Bài 14: gRPC với Tonic

Rust: Từ Cơ bản đến Nâng cao

Phần 4: Advanced Backend

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1. Protocol Buffers

// proto/product.proto
syntax = "proto3";
package product;

service ProductService {
    rpc GetProduct (GetProductRequest) returns (Product);
    rpc ListProducts (ListProductsRequest) returns (stream Product);
    rpc CreateProduct (CreateProductRequest) returns (Product);
}

message Product {
    string id = 1;
    string name = 2;
    double price = 3;
    optional string description = 4;
}

message GetProductRequest { string id = 1; }
message ListProductsRequest { int32 limit = 1; int32 offset = 2; }
message CreateProductRequest { string name = 1; double price = 2; }

// build.rs
fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
    tonic_build::compile_protos("proto/product.proto")?;
    Ok(())
}

2. gRPC Server

use tonic::{transport::Server, Request, Response, Status};

pub mod product_proto {
    tonic::include_proto!("product");
}

use product_proto::product_service_server::{ProductService, ProductServiceServer};
use product_proto::{Product, GetProductRequest, CreateProductRequest};

#[derive(Default)]
pub struct MyProductService;

#[tonic::async_trait]
impl ProductService for MyProductService {
    async fn get_product(
        &self,
        request: Request<GetProductRequest>,
    ) -> Result<Response<Product>, Status> {
        let id = request.into_inner().id;
        // Lookup from DB
        let product = Product {
            id: id.clone(),
            name: "Sample".into(),
            price: 29.99,
            description: Some("A sample product".into()),
        };
        Ok(Response::new(product))
    }

    type ListProductsStream = tokio_stream::wrappers::ReceiverStream<Result<Product, Status>>;

    async fn list_products(
        &self,
        request: Request<ListProductsRequest>,
    ) -> Result<Response<Self::ListProductsStream>, Status> {
        let (tx, rx) = tokio::sync::mpsc::channel(128);
        tokio::spawn(async move {
            for i in 0..10 {
                tx.send(Ok(Product {
                    id: format!("prod-{}", i),
                    name: format!("Product {}", i),
                    price: i as f64 * 10.0,
                    description: None,
                })).await.unwrap();
            }
        });
        Ok(Response::new(tokio_stream::wrappers::ReceiverStream::new(rx)))
    }
}

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
    Server::builder()
        .add_service(ProductServiceServer::new(MyProductService::default()))
        .serve("0.0.0.0:50051".parse()?)
        .await?;
    Ok(())
}

3. gRPC Client

use product_proto::product_service_client::ProductServiceClient;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
    let mut client = ProductServiceClient::connect("http://localhost:50051").await?;

    let response = client.get_product(GetProductRequest { id: "prod-1".into() }).await?;
    println!("Product: {:?}", response.into_inner());

    // Streaming
    let mut stream = client.list_products(ListProductsRequest { limit: 10, offset: 0 }).await?.into_inner();
    while let Some(product) = stream.message().await? {
        println!("Received: {:?}", product);
    }

    Ok(())
}

Bài tiếp theo: Message Queues & Background Jobs.