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Các pattern orchestration: Sequential, Parallel, Hierarchical, Swarm. Supervisor agent vs peer-to-peer. Xử lý conflicts, deadlocks, error propagation.

Build AI Agents: Từ Zero đến Production

Phần 5: MCP, A2A & Multi-Agent Systems

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Giới thiệu

Multi-agent systems là tương lai của AI applications. Nhưng orchestrate nhiều agents phức tạp hơn nhiều so với single agent. Bài này cover các design patterns và challenges khi xây multi-agent systems.

1. Orchestration Patterns

1.1 Sequential (Pipeline)

Agent A → Agent B → Agent C → Output

1.2 Parallel (Fan-out/Fan-in)

           ┌→ Agent B ─┐
Agent A ──►├→ Agent C ─┤──► Agent E
           └→ Agent D ─┘

1.3 Hierarchical (Supervisor)

         Supervisor
        /    |     \
    Agent A  Agent B  Agent C

1.4 Swarm (Decentralized)

Agent A ←→ Agent B
  ↕           ↕
Agent C ←→ Agent D

2. Coding Team Example

# PM analyzes requirements → Developer writes code → Reviewer reviews
pm_agent = Agent(role="Product Manager", ...)
dev_agent = Agent(role="Senior Developer", ...)  
reviewer_agent = Agent(role="Code Reviewer", ...)

Tóm tắt

4 patterns: Sequential, Parallel, Hierarchical, Swarm
Supervisor pattern phổ biến nhất cho production
Handle conflicts: priority queue, voting, escalation
Error propagation: fail gracefully, không cascade

Bài tập

Implement coding team: PM → Developer → Reviewer
Xây parallel research system (3 agents search cùng lúc)
Implement supervisor pattern với LangGraph
Handle deadlock scenario khi 2 agents chờ nhau

Bài 14: Multi-Agent Orchestration — Kiến trúc & Design Patterns